We describe the runtime requirements needed to dynamically exploit joint activity graphs and to support intelligent coordination during execution. We describe a formalized structure, joint activity graphs, built on interdependence design principles to capture the essence of joint activity. In this article, we propose an approach to operationalizing core concepts needed to address interdependence in support of adaptive teamwork. This gap between theories of interdependence and operable tooling leaves designers blind to the issues and consequences of failing to adequately address interdependence within human-machine teams. Many engineering approaches lack any systematic rigor and formal method for identifying, managing and exploiting interdependence, which forces ad hoc solutions or workarounds. Nevertheless, engineers building human-machine systems still rely on the same tools and techniques used to build individual behaviors which were never designed to address the complexity that stems from interdependence in joint activity. This makes interdependence a critical factor of human-machine teams. Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United StatesĪdaptability lies at the heart of effective teams and it is through management of interdependence that teams are able to adapt.Micael Vignati* Matthew Johnson Larry Bunch John Carff Daniel Duran

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